Why in News?
Recently, the Supreme Court allowed their use in New Delhi for two days during Deepavali, bringing them into focus.
What Are Green Firecrackers?
Green firecrackers are specially designed fireworks that release fewer pollutants than conventional firecrackers.
Developed by CSIR–National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), these crackers are designed to emit around 30% less particulate matter, or 20% less particulate matter, along with 10% fewer gases, compared to conventional firecrackers of the same category.
Three Types of Green Firecrackers
CSIR-NEERI has developed three major varieties:
SWAS (Safe Water Releaser): Releases water vapor during combustion to suppress some particulate emissions.
STAR (Safe Thermite Cracker): Uses a thermite-based composition to improve combustion efficiency and reduce emissions.
SAFAL (Safe Minimal Aluminium): Contains less aluminium, helping lower pollution.
These technologies use modified fuel and oxidizer combinations, dust-suppressing additives, and reduced quantities of certain metals.
How to Identify Genuine Green Firecrackers?
Genuine products carry the CSIR-NEERI logo and a QR code on their packaging, allowing buyers to verify their certification.
Are Green Firecrackers Completely Safe?
No. Green firecrackers are a relatively less polluting alternative, not a pollution-free option. They still release fine particulate matter and harmful gases that can affect respiratory and cardiovascular health. They also produce noise.
Moreover, a city using only green firecrackers may still experience high pollution. The overall impact depends on the number of crackers burst, weather conditions, and existing air quality.
The takeaway: Green firecrackers may reduce the environmental impact of celebrations, but cleaner air ultimately requires fewer emissions, not merely a different type of firecracker.
